The nature of the standard is different: GB is a mandatory standard, GB/T is a recommended standard.
Standard requirements are different: GB is mainly for product standards, the product needs to be unified technical requirements, GB/T in addition, more attention is paid to management standards, working standards and technical standards.
The product categories covered are different: GB 31241-2014 is a domestic draft, especially for small portable lithium batteries, GB/T 28164-2011 is equivalent to the international standard IEC 62133:2002 on batteries and battery packs containing alkaline or other non-acidic electrolytes (coverage is very wide)
The 2017 edition of the battery standard IEC 62133-1:2017 and IEC 62133-2:2017 is divided into two parts, namely IEC 62133-1:2017 (nickel battery) and IEC 62133-2:2017 (lithium battery), which is equivalent to two standards, and the previous 2012 version, Nickel batteries and lithium batteries are combined, i.e. IEC 62133:2012.